Flat washers are mainly used to reduce pressure

Flat washers are usually thin pieces of various shapes used to reduce friction, prevent leakage, isolate, prevent loosening, or disperse pressure. Many materials and structures contain this component, which is used to perform various similar functions. Due to the material and process limitations of threaded fasteners, the supporting surface of bolts and other fasteners is not large. Therefore, in order to reduce the compressive stress on the pressure bearing surface and protect the surface of the connected parts, washers are used. To prevent loosening of the connecting pair, anti loosening spring washers, multi tooth lock washers, round nut stop washers, as well as saddle shaped, waveform shaped, and conical elastic washers are used.

Flat washers are mainly used to reduce pressure. When there is a large axial force when tightening some parts, it is easy to make the washer press into a disc shape. In this case, materials can be used and hardness can be increased to solve the problem.